内管超前绳索取心技术在松散沉积物调查中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

谭春亮  岳永东  渠洪杰  林广利  祝强  苏兴涛 《探矿工程》2021,48(8):47-52

松散沉积物是覆盖层的主要物质存在形式,是推动绿色发展、建设生态文明的主要研究对象。随着研究内容的不断丰富,对覆盖层调查的深度与精度不断提高,能否实现对松散沉积物的精准、原位无污染取样是制约后续研究的关键要素之一。本文基于锡林郭勒盟-通辽地区钻探调查实践,将绳索取心钻进工艺、超前取心技术与成膜护壁冲洗液技术相结合,提高孔壁稳定性和松散岩心完整性,解决制约厚覆盖层调查钻探取样技术难点,可为相关领域松散沉积物调查提供技术借鉴。  相似文献   

基于颗粒识别分析系统的碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别和统计方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈达  许强  郑光  彭双麒  王卓  何攀 《水文地质工程地质》2021,48(1):60-69

碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别和统计是碎屑流灾害的研究重点。文章基于图像处理孔隙（颗粒）及裂隙图像识别与分析系统（PCAS）,以贵州纳雍普洒村崩塌-碎屑流为例,结合纳雍崩塌堆积物粒径实测结果,通过阐释识别过程中阈值、孔喉封闭半径、最小孔隙面积的参数意义,研究PCAS软件在碎屑流颗粒识别与统计中的应用,并提出了颗粒识别时这些参数的选取方法。分析结果表明:（1）PCAS能自动准确地识别碎屑流堆积物颗粒与孔隙,相比人工计数更精细,所识别堆积物各区小颗粒比重较大,0～2 m颗粒粒径各区占比都在50%以上;（2）当阈值为170（像素）时能获得精细的二值图像,颗粒与孔隙得到了准确地区分;（3）不同参数取值下获得堆积物颗粒粒径分布结果不同,碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别宜采用较大的孔喉封闭半径和较小孔隙面积,当二者比值为3/30（像素）时能更好地反应颗粒粒径分布情况;（4）PCAS具有较高的可行性,统计结果显示,各粒径含量变化趋势与人工统计相近,两种统计方法各粒径占比、分布规律基本吻合,说明利用PCAS可以实现对崩塌碎屑流颗粒粒径分布的高效便捷分析。  相似文献   

尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带油源对比及油气成藏     

杨平  谭富文  施美凤  王正和  李忠雄  占王忠  Sudhir RAJAURE  Ganesh N.TRIPATHI 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3426-3441

尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带油气苗来源不清极大地影响了该区油气勘探.在地质-地球物理综合调查的基础上,利用油气地球化学、碳同位素及生烃史模拟对尼泊尔代莱克地区油源和成藏过程进行了研究.结果表明:①尼泊尔代莱克地区油苗产于Padukasthan断裂,可分两期,第一期呈含油断层泥产出,氯仿沥青"A"为149～231 μg/g,RR.为0.81％,氯仿沥青"A"的δ13C相对较重(-26.24‰～-27.10‰),族组分具有正碳同位素序列,发黄绿色荧光,为典型的低熟煤成油,第二期呈液态油产出并遭受微生物降解,金刚烷IMD指数为0.33～0.45,R.为1.24％～1.53％,3,4-DMD含量46％～47％,全油δ13C为-29.50‰～-29.45‰,族组分碳同位素趋于一致,发蓝色荧光,为海相成因高熟油;②第一期油来源于Surkhet群的Melpani组和Gondwana群煤系烃源岩,为Ⅲ型有机质低熟阶段的产物,第二期来源于Surkhet群的Swat组浅海陆棚相黑色页岩,为Ⅱ1型有机质生油高峰的产物,两期油与Lakharpata群过成熟黑色泥岩和Siwalik群未熟泥岩没有亲缘关系;③尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带具有"多源多期、推覆增熟、砂体控储、披覆控聚"的油气成藏模式,油气成藏过程可划分为沉积浅埋、构造圈闭形成、深埋油藏形成、气藏形成和晚期改造定型5个演化阶段;④尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆有利于Gondwana群、Surkhet群深埋增温、持续快速生烃和晚期成藏,对比邻区巴基斯坦的含油气盆地,尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带及相邻类似地区具备良好的油气成藏条件.  相似文献   

Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy     

Alessandro Amorosi  Luigi Bruno  Bruno Campo  Bianca Costagli  Wan Hong  Vincenzo Picotti  Stefano Claudio Vaiani 《Sedimentology》2021,68(1):402-424

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.  相似文献   

青海省都兰县查哈西里地区地球化学异常特征及成矿远景评述     

齐文博  师兵  王嘉炜  杨碧莹  柳坤峰 《地质与资源》2021,30(4):431-442

通过1：5万水系沉积物的地球化学测量,对查哈西里地区Au、Cu等16种元素的地球化学特征进行了初步分析.综合元素富集程度、分异程度、叠加强度,发现Au、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co在研究区内有富集成矿的可能,是研究区主要成矿元素.根据异常特征与成矿地质条件,推断区内为构造蚀变岩型Au-Cu多金属矿床及热液蚀变型Cu-Ni多金属矿床.优选出4处成矿远景区,即科德日特-巴嘎哈尔散金铜多金属成矿远景区、查干热格沟铜多金属成矿远景区、乌兰可镍多金属成矿远景区和马尼特沟南铁镍多金属成矿远景区.  相似文献   

Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and causes     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):178-184

To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows. First, the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247–2686 items/m³ and 856 items/m³, respectively. The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0–933 items/m² and 362 items/m², respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments, and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River, Tongtian River, and Nujiang River. Second, compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world, the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities. Finally, this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Vegetation and peat accumulation steer Holocene tidal–fluvial basin filling and overbank sedimentation along the Old Rhine River,The Netherlands     

Harm Jan Pierik  Jelle I. M. Moree  Karianne M. van der Werf  Lonneke Roelofs  Marcio Boechat Albernaz  Antoine Wilbers  Bert van der Valk  Marieke van Dinter  Wim Z. Hoek  Tjalling de Haas  Maarten G. Kleinhans 《Sedimentology》2023,70(1):179-213

In the transformation from tidal systems to freshwater coastal landscapes, plants act as eco-engineering species that reduce hydrodynamics and trap sediment, but nature and timing of the mechanisms of land creation along estuaries remains unclear. This article focuses on the Old Rhine estuary (The Netherlands) to show the importance of vegetation in coastal landscape evolution, predominantly regarding tidal basin filling and overbank morphology. This estuary hosted the main outflow channel of the river Rhine between ca 6500 to 2000 cal bp , and was constrained by peat during most of its existence. This study reconstructs its geological evolution, by correlating newly integrated geological data and new field records to varying conditions. Numerical modelling was performed to test the inferred mechanisms. It was found that floodbasin vegetation and resulting organic accumulation strongly accelerated back-barrier infill, by minimizing tidal influence. After tidal and wave transport had already sufficiently filled the back-barrier basin, reed rapidly expanded from its edges under brackish conditions, as shown by diatom analysis and datings. Reed growth provided a positive infilling feedback by reducing tidal flow and tidal prism, accelerating basin infilling. New radiocarbon dates show that large-scale crevassing along the Old Rhine River – driven by tidal backwater effect – only started as nutrient-rich river water transformed the floodbasin into an Alder carr in a next phase of estuary evolution. Such less dense vegetation promotes crevassing as sediments are more easily transported into the floodbasin. As river discharge increased and estuary mouth infilling progressed, crevasse activity diminished around 3800 to 3000 cal bp , likely due to a reduced tidal backwater effect. The insights from this data-rich Holocene study showcase the dominant role that vegetation may have in the long-term evolution of coastal wetlands. It provides clues for effective use of vegetation in vulnerable wetland landscapes to steer sedimentation patterns to strategically adapt to rising water levels.  相似文献   

越南兰龙盆地白虎油田储集层特征及成藏模式探讨     

张云逸 《地质与勘探》2023,59(1):170-187

基于岩心、钻测井、三维地震和沉积相资料,对越南兰龙盆地白虎油田的碎屑岩、基岩储集层特征以及对应的两种成藏模式进行综合分析。结果表明,白虎油田发育两类岩性储集层,即碎屑岩(砂岩)、花岗岩基岩储集层,其中碎屑岩储层在兰龙盆地基底地垒构造格架下沉积,受大地构造运动、海平面变化控制,以冲积扇、扇三角洲和河流相为主,在渐新统泥岩供烃的条件下形成了具有自生自储、下生上储特征的岩性、构造油藏。花岗岩的基岩裂缝、孔洞发育,具备优势的储集空间、储层规模大,成为最主力的储集层,成因为基底演化过程中的断裂活动、热液岩熔等作用。在花岗岩基岩储层中形成了两种成藏模式：一种以花岗岩无机成因自身含烃表现出原地成藏的特征;另一种上覆渐新统泥岩为富油烃源岩,沿断层、不整合面等侧向运移至基底顶部晚期聚集成藏,最终在基底中广泛发育裂缝、缝洞型基岩油藏。  相似文献   

灰质背景下浊积岩储层预测关键技术研究——以NZ地区N872块为例     

隋明阳 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):291-292

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辽宁金杖子地区水系沉积物地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

秦丹鹤  李昊璐  王志民  刘博  黄晨承 《地质找矿论丛》2023,38(2):225-230

金杖子地区位于冀东-辽西金成矿带,区内矿产资源丰富,成矿地质条件优越。本文在1∶25000水系沉积物测量工作的基础上,结合该区地质特征和成矿地质条件,对该地区10种元素的地球化学特征、离散程度及综合异常特征进行研究,圈定综合异常3处,为进一步的地质勘查工作提供了依据。  相似文献